GeekyArtistArabWoman - Lubzi

Saturday, October 16, 2010

CYMATICS - New Science from Sound Research

59:44 - 3 years ago
Audio Interview with Cymatics researcher Johnathan Reid about the Sound characteristics in the Great Pyramid. What he reveals will AMAZE You...I guarantee.

Thursday, February 18, 2010

Maqam in Arabic Music

from Maqamworld.com
What is a Maqam ? In Arabic music, a maqam (plural maqamat) is a set of notes with traditions that define relationships between them, habitual patterns, and their melodic development. Maqamat are best defined and understood in the context of the rich Arabic music repertoire. The nearest equivalent in Western classical music would be a mode (e.g. Major, Minor, etc.)
The Arabic scales which maqamat are built from are not even-tempered, unlike the chromatic scale used in Western classical music. Instead, 5th notes are tuned based on the 3rd harmonic. The tuning of the remaining notes entirely depends on the maqam. The reasons for this tuning are probably historically based on string instruments like the oud. A side effect of not having even-tempered tuning is that the same note (by name) may have a slightly different pitch depending on which maqam it is played in.
What are Quarter Tones ?
Many maqamat include notes that can be approximated with quarter tones (depicted using the half-flat sign or the half-sharp sign ), although they rarely are precise quarters falling exactly halfway between two semitones. Even notes depicted as semitones sometimes include microtonal subtleties depending on the maqam in which they are used. For this reason, when writing Arabic music using the Western notation system, there is an understanding that the exact tuning of each note might vary with each maqam and must be learned by ear.
Another peculiarity of maqamat is that the same note is not always played with the same exact pitch. The pitch may vary slightly, depending on the melodic flow and what other notes are played before and after that note. The idea behind this effect is to round sharp corners in the melody by drawing the furthest notes nearer. This effect is sometimes called the law of attraction or gravity, and is common in other musical traditions (e.g. in Byzantine music).
Are maqamat transposable ?
When Arabic maqamat are taught and documented, each maqam is usually associated with the same starting note (tonic). For example, maqam Bayati is almost always shown as starting on D in reference textbooks.
In general maqamat are transposable, but only to a handful of other tonics. For example, maqam Bayati usually starts on D, but it can also start on G and A. When transposing Arabic maqamat, musicians mention the tonic name after the maqam name for clarity (e.g. "Bayati on G" or "Bayati on A"). For this reason also, only a few quarter tones are exploited (with the understanding that the term quarter tone is approximate, and that many semitones include microtonal variations). The most frequently used quarter tones are: E, A and B.
This is unlike scales in Western classical music, where for example each scale can have 11 possible tonics. Total freedom to transpose requires playing Western music on even-tempered instruments (e.g. the piano) where all semitone intervals are exactly equal.
The reasons behind this limitation are probably technical and pragmatic, and have to do with the difficulty of transposing freely on classical Arabic instruments (oud, nay, qanun). On the oud for example, it is important to be able to exploit open strings to play tonics, 4th and 5th notes, since the sound on open strings is always in tune and louder. In addition, since the oud tuning is not even-tempered but based on harmonic 4th and 5th intervals between open strings, maqamat dont sound equally in tune and pleasant on every tonic.
Some maqamat change names when transposed because they vary in their feel or mood. A maqam could also have a different melodic development (sayr) when transposed, including a different dominant note, etc. For example maqam Rahat El Arwah is a transposed version of maqam Huzam, but they have different moods. To describe the difference using very subjective terminology, the first is lower, more mellow and spiritual, the second is higher, lighter and funkier.
Another reason for different transposed versions of a maqam having different names might be historic, since each name (and tonic) may have been used in a different region (Arab, Persian, Turkish. etc.). An example of this is the Hijaz Kar, Shadd Araban, Shahnaz, and Suzidil maqamat, which all have the same tonal intervals.
While on the subject of transposition, musicians often retune their instruments a few semitones higher or lower than the absolute reference (e.g. A = 440 Hz) rather than transpose a maqam, especially in old 1920's and 1930's recordings. The reason for doing this is that melodies sound much better when their tonics and 4th/5th notes fall on open strings, because of the way string instruments like the oud or violin resonate. This is not the case with voice, for example.
How can maqamat be broken down ?
The building blocks for maqamat are sets of 3, 4 or 5 notes, called trichords, tetrachords and pentachords, respectively. The Arabic word for these sets is jins (plural ajnas). The word jins means the gender, type or nature of something. In general each maqam is made up two main ajnas (sets) called lower and upper jins. These can be joined at the same note, at two adjacent notes, or can overlap each other. A maqam may also include other secondary ajnas which are very useful for modulation. Instead of thinking of a maqam as a collection of 8 or more individual notes, it's often useful to think of it as a group of two or more ajnas (sets).
See the Ajnas (Sets) section.

Is there harmony in Arabic music ?
Arabic music is mostly melodic, which means it rarely includes harmony and chords. There are a few exceptions, read more in this excellent article about Harmony and Arabic Music. The main reason why harmony is rarely used is that chords dont sound very pleasant when they include quarter tones or microtonal variations. Harmony sounds best when notes have a natural harmonic relationship (3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th harmonic, etc). In Arabic music, this is true for a tonic and its fifth (3rd harmonic), but most of the time not true for any other note combination.
What is the difference between a maqam and a scale ?
The Arabic maqam is built on top of the Arabic scale. The maqam is generally made up of one octave (8 notes), although sometimes the maqam scale extends up to 2 octaves. But the maqam is much more than a scale:


  • A maqam may include microtonal variations such that tones, half tones and quarter tones in its underlying scale are not precisely that. E.g. the E in maqam Bayati is tuned slightly lower than the E in maqam Rast. These variations must be learned by listening not by reading, which is why the oral tradition is the correct way to learn Arabic music.



  • Each maqam has a different character which conveys a mood, in a similar fashion to the mood in a Major or Minor scale, although that mood is subjective. Since classical Arabic music is mostly melodic (excludes harmony), the choice of maqam greatly affects the mood of the piece.



  • Each maqam includes rules that define its melodic development (or sayr in Arabic). These rules describe which notes should be emphasized, how often, and in what order. This means that two maqamat that have the same tonal intervals but where one is a transposed version of the other may be played differently (e.g. maqamat Kurd and Hijaz Kar Kurd, or maqamat Nahawand and Farahfaza).

  • Each maqam includes rules that define the starting note (tonic, or qarar in Arabic), the ending note (or mustaqarr in Arabic), which in some cases is different to the tonic, and the dominant note (or ghammaz in Arabic). The dominant is the starting note of the second jins (in general the 5th, but sometimes the 4th or 3rd note), and serves as the pivot note during modulation.
See the Modulation section.
How many maqamat are there ?
There are dozens of Arabic maqamat, too many to list, including many Persian and Turkish hybrids. It's difficult to find a definitive list of Arabic maqamat that all textbooks agree on, or a definitive reference on which maqamat are strictly Arabic and which are Turkish or Persian. There are also many local maqamat used only in some regions of the Arab world (e.g. Iraq and North Africa), and unknown in others. But the most widely used and known maqamat are about 30 to 40, and these are the ones covered in this web site
See the Maqam Index section.
How is the intonation of the Arabic maqam changing with time ?

There is no absolute reference for the Arabic scale. In 1932, the Arabic Music Conference in Cairo established that regional variations existed in the intonation of Arabic maqamat. Within each region, oral traditions continued and created de-facto standards, although these standards converged to some extent with the advent of recording and broadcasting.

The phenomenon that greatly influenced intonation in Arabic music was the introduction of even-tempered instruments (some of which were altered to produce quarter tones), mostly in the second half of the 20th century. The accordion, electric guitar, electric (fretted) bass, piano, guitar, electric piano, electric organ and synthesizer were gradually introduced to the Arabic ensemble. The main incentive behind this change was innovation, modernization, and the desire to add harmony to Arabic music.
When Arabic maqamat are performed on even-tempered instruments, they sound different in subtle ways for the following reasons:


  • The intonation of the same quarter tone can vary with each maqam. For example, the E in maqam Rast has a higher tuning than the E in maqam Bayati. Even tempered instruments eliminate these subtle variations, producing dry and rigid quarter tones.


  • Moreover, the Arabic maqam has regional variations that make up a lot of its color. For example, the E in maqam Rast has a higher tuning in Aleppo than in Cairo. Even tempered instruments eliminate these regional variations, reducing the Arabic maqam to its lowest denominator.


  • Even semitones in the Arabic scale often include microtonal variations. A prime example are the 2nd and 3rd notes in the Hijaz tetrachord, which are played closer together so as to shrink the 1½ tone interval. These variations cannot be performed on even-tempered instruments. In case of harmonic music, microtonal variations are even undesirable since they reduce harmony.
With time, the original tuning of maqam Hijaz had been lost except in a handful of new recordings, and was replaced with what is called “piano Hijaz” (a derogatory term.) Equally bad is the “piano Ajam”, where the 3rd note should be slightly lower and more mellow. Maqamat like Jiharkah are rarely played on even-tempered instruments, even on ones that have been altered to produce quarter tones.
In conclusion, the new generation of Arabic musicians, singers and listeners is losing touch with the traditional intonation of the 1920s and 30s largely because of the introduction of even-tempered instruments and harmony in Arabic music.


Friday, January 1, 2010

LubziMix : Soccer كرة القدم



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LubziMix : What happens when west & east meet? harmony or noise?



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LubziMix : You're a Good Man Charlie Brown


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- You're a Good Man Charlie Brown Lyrics      .
[LINUS] I really don't think you have anything
to worry about, Charlie Brown. After all, science
has shown that a person's character isn't really
established until he's at least five years old.

[SALLY (overlapping)]
The only thing wrong with my big brother,
Charlie Brown, is his lack of confidence; his
inferiority and lack of confidence. His clumsiness,
his inferiority, his lack of confidence. His stupidity
his clumsiness, his inferiority and his lack of
confidence, his...

[SCHROEDER (overlapping)]
Did you know that Charlie Brown has never pitched
a winning baseball game, never been able to keep
a kite in the air, never won a game of checkers and
never successfully punted a football? Sometimes I
marvel at his consistency.

[LUCY (overlapping)]
Now Charlie Brown has what you call a
Failure Face, Linus. Notice how it has failure
written all over it. Study it carefully. You rarely
see such a good example.

[CHARLIE BROWN (overlapping)]
Some days I wake up early to watch the sunrise, and
I think how beautiful it is, and how my life lies
before me, and I get a very positive feeling about
things. Like this morning for instance; the sky's
so clear and the sun's so bright. How can anything
go wrong on a day like this?

I'm late!

[SNOOPY]
Woof!

[ALL (except Charlie Brown)]
You're a good man, Charlie Brown
You're the kind of reminder we need
You have humility, nobility and a sense of honor that is very
Rare indeed.

[SNOOPY]
Woof!

[OTHERS]
You're a good man, CHarlie Brown
And we know you will go very far

Yes it's hard to believe
Almost frightening to conceive
What a good man you are.

[SCHROEDER]
You are kind.

[OTHERS]
You are kind to all the animals
And every little bird
With a heart of gold
You believe what you're told...

[LUCY]
Every single solitary word

[OTHERS]
You bravely face adversity
You're cheerful through the day
You're thoughtful
Brave and couteous

[LUCY]
And you also have some faults
But for the moment let's just say

[OTHERS]
That you're a good man, Charlie Brown
You're a prince
And a prince could be king
With a heart such as yours
You could open any doors
You could go out and do anything
You could be King Charlie Brown
You could be king!

[CHARLIE BROWN]
Everybody says to me:

[OTHERS]
You're a good man, Charlie Brown

[CHARLIE BROWN]
Every voice in harmony

[OTHERS]
You're a good man, Charlie Brown

[CHARLIE BROWN]
All I need is one more try
Gotta get that kite to fly
And I'm not the kind of guy
Who gives up easily
Wonder why they stop to say:

[OTHERS]
You're a good man, Charlie Brown

[CHARLIE BROWN]
Never liked me, anyway

[OTHERS]
You're a good man, Charlie Brown

[CHARLIE BROWN]
Trying not to rock the boat
Not to make a scene
A good man? Yes
But I confess
I don't know what they mean

I wanna rise like I should
And do everything right
But I lie awake at night...

With questions in my ear

I want to join the dance

[OTHERS]
Oooh
Never sleep
Oooh
Loud and deep
Oooh
Take the leap

[CHARLIE BROWN]
But the answer isn't clear.
Than I hear:

[OTHERS]
Charlie Brown... Charlie Brown...
You're a good man, Charlie Brown
You're a good man, Charlie Brown

[SCHROEDER]
Get on the bus

[LUCY]
Get on the bus

[LINUS]
Go ahead, get on the bus, Charlie Brown!

[SALLY]
Don't wanna be late for school!

[OTHERS]
That's right!

[CHARLIE BROWN]
Don't wanna be late!

[ALL]
Don't wanna be late for school!

[SNOOPY]
Woof!

[OTHERS]
You're a good man,
Charlie Brown
You're the kind
Of reminder we need
You have humility,
Nobility,
And a sense of honor
That is very rare indeed

[CHARLIE BROWN]
There they go again

Don't know what they mean
I'm not good,
I'm not bad

I'm somewhere
In between

[SNOOPY]
Woof!

[OTHERS]
You're a good man,
Charlie Brown

[CHARLIE BROWN]
I don't understand

You're a prince
And a prince could be king
With a heart such as yours
You could open any doors
You could go out
And do anything
You could be King, Charlie Brown
You could be King!

[CHARLIE BROWN]
"Nothing lasts forever"

[OTHERS]
You could be king

[CHARLIE]
"All good things must end"

I've memorized
That phrase by heart.
So tell me,
I need to know it...

[OTHERS]
Believe it

And you were born for this part

You're a good man,
Charlie Brown!

[CHARLIE]
When do the
Good things start?

[LUCY/SCHROEDER]
You're a good man,
Charlie Brown

[LINUS/SALLY]

Bravely facing
Adversity
You can open up

[SNOOPY]
Oh, You're a good man

[LUCY/SCHROEDER]
You're a good man,
Charlie Brown

[ALL]
You're ad good man,
Charlie Brown!


and I found this on youtube

LubziMix : Schroeder - from the Musical "You're a god Man Charlie Brown"



[LUCY]
D'ya know something, Schroeder?
I think the way you play the piano is nice.
D'ya know something else?
It's always been my dream
That I'd marry a man who plays the piano.

At parties he'd play something nice like
"April Showers."
I'm sure you could play something nice like
"April Showers."
Or even "Frere Jacques."
Beethoven's nice too.

Just imagine
What would you think if someday you and I should get married?
Wouldn't you like that if someday we two should get married?

My aunt Marion was right, never try to discuss marriage with a musician.

LubziMix : I feel ev'ry now and then.. That I gotta bite someone... (You're a Good Man Charlie Brown)


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Musical: You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown
Title: Snoopy

[SNOOPY]
They like me.
I think they're swell.
Isn't it remarkable
How things turn out so well?

Pleasant day, pretty sky
Life goes on, here I lie
Not bad, not bad at all.

Cozy home, board and bed
Sturdy roof beneath my head
Not bad, not bad at all.

Faithful friends
Always near me,
Bring me bones,
Scratch my ear

Little birds
Come to cheer me
Ev'ry day
Sitting here,
On my stomach
With their sharp little claws
Which are usually cold,
And occasionally painful,
And sometimes there are so many
That I can hardly stand it...

Rats!

I feel ev'ry now and then
That I gotta bite someone.
I know ev'ry now and then what I wanna be.
A fierce jungle animal crouched on the limb
Of a tree

[GIRLS (offstage)]
La la la la la la la la la la la la la

[SNOOPY]
La la la la la la la la la la la la la
I'd stay very very still
Till I see a victim come.
I'd wait knowing very well ev'ry second counts.
And then like the fierce jungle creature I am
I would pounce!
I'd pounce!
I'd punce!
I'd-

You know, I never realized it was so far down to
the ground from up here.

Let me see, where was I?
Oh, that's right, the pretty sky,
Not bad, not bad at all.

Cozy home, board and bed
Sturdy roof beneath my head
Not bad, not bad at all.
Not bad, not bad at all.

I wonder if it will snow tonight.